중3 영어 장문 독해(주제·요지·제목·빈칸 추론) 예상문제

It might seem obvious that stress makes it harder to think creatively, but psychological research paints a more complicated picture. Studies show that a small to moderate amount of stress, sometimes called "good stress," can actually sharpen focus and push people to think of new solutions to problems, especially when facing a deadline. However, when stress becomes too intense or lasts too long, it tends to have the opposite effect, narrowing a person's thinking and making it harder to consider creative or unusual solutions. Researchers explain this using an idea called the inverted U-shaped relationship: creativity tends to increase as stress rises from very low levels, reaches a peak at a moderate level of stress, and then declines sharply as stress continues to increase beyond that point. This explains why some people produce their best work under a reasonable deadline but struggle to think clearly during a true crisis. Understanding this relationship can help students and workers manage their schedules in ways that keep stress at a helpful, rather than harmful, level.

Since humans began launching satellites into space more than sixty years ago, thousands of objects have been left orbiting the Earth. Some of these are old, broken satellites, while others are small fragments left over from rocket launches and collisions between objects in orbit. Even a tiny piece of metal, when traveling at high speed, can seriously damage or destroy a working satellite or spacecraft. Space agencies now closely track larger pieces of debris to warn astronauts and satellite operators when a collision might occur. However, millions of smaller fragments are too tiny to track but still dangerous. Engineers are developing creative solutions, such as robotic arms that can grab old satellites and nets that can capture floating debris, then guide them back into the atmosphere to burn up safely. Some companies are also designing satellites that can be more easily removed from orbit once they stop working. As more countries and private companies launch satellites, experts agree that managing space debris will become an increasingly urgent challenge.

Many people believe that as long as they place their recyclable items in the correct bin, those materials will automatically be turned into new products. In reality, the recycling process is far more complicated, and a surprising amount of material collected for recycling never actually gets reused. One major problem is contamination: when food waste, liquids, or non-recyclable items are mixed in with paper, plastic, or glass, entire batches can become too dirty to process and are sent to landfills instead. Another issue is that not all plastics are equally easy to recycle; some types require complex, expensive processes, so recycling facilities may simply discard them rather than pay for costly treatment. Confusing labeling on packaging can also make it hard for consumers to know exactly what can be recycled in their area, leading to well-intentioned but incorrect sorting. Experts suggest that solving these hidden problems requires more than good intentions from individuals; it also requires __________, such as clearer labeling systems and improved recycling infrastructure.

Robot vacuum cleaners have changed a lot since they first appeared in stores. Early models simply moved in random directions and often got stuck under furniture or bumped into walls repeatedly. Today, however, most robot vacuums use artificial intelligence to create a detailed map of a house before they start cleaning. These smart devices use small cameras and sensors to recognize furniture, stairs, and pets, so they can clean more efficiently and avoid accidents. Some newer models can even empty their own dust bins automatically and connect to smartphone apps, allowing owners to schedule cleaning times from anywhere. In addition, advanced robot vacuums can learn which rooms need cleaning most often based on dust levels and adjust their schedules on their own. Thanks to these improvements, cleaning a house has become much easier and requires far less human effort than before. As artificial intelligence continues to develop, robot vacuums are expected to become even smarter and more helpful in everyday life.

For centuries, people have used hanji, traditional Korean paper made from the bark of mulberry trees to create everything from books to window screens. Unlike ordinary paper, hanji is known for being surprisingly strong and durable; some documents written on hanji hundreds of years ago are still readable today. Making hanji by hand is a long process that involves boiling mulberry bark, removing its outer layer, and pounding the fibers until they become soft. The pulp is then spread thinly over a bamboo screen and dried in the sun. In recent years, young designers have started using hanji to make modern items such as lamps, wallets, and even clothing, combining traditional techniques with contemporary style. Museums and cultural centers now offer hanji-making classes to teach visitors about this valuable craft. By finding new uses for an old material, artisans are helping to __________ for future generations.

For decades, traditional markets were the main place for people in many countries to buy fresh food and daily necessities. In recent years, however, large discount stores and supermarkets have become increasingly popular because they offer convenient parking, longer opening hours, and a wide variety of products under one roof. As a result, many small traditional markets have struggled to attract customers, and some shops have been forced to close. To survive, several traditional markets have started making changes: adding covered walkways to protect shoppers from rain, accepting credit cards and mobile payments, and organizing cultural events and food festivals to draw visitors. Some markets have even partnered with delivery apps, allowing customers to order fresh vegetables and meat online just as easily as they would from a large supermarket. Local governments have also provided financial support to help modernize market facilities. These changes show that traditional markets are adapting to a changing retail environment rather than simply disappearing.

3D printing technology, once used mainly to create small plastic models and prototypes, is now transforming the field of medicine. Doctors can use 3D printers to create detailed, life-sized models of a patient's organs based on CT or MRI scans, allowing surgeons to practice a complicated operation before performing it on the actual patient. This preparation can reduce surgery time and lower the risk of complications. The technology is also being used to produce custom-made prosthetic limbs that fit a patient's body perfectly, at a much lower cost than traditional prosthetics. Perhaps most exciting of all, scientists are experimenting with "bioprinting," a process that uses living cells instead of plastic to print tissue and, eventually, may be able to print functioning organs for transplant. While printing a fully working human organ is still years away, researchers have already successfully printed simple tissues such as skin and cartilage. These advances show how 3D printing is helping to __________.

Self-driving cars promise to make roads safer by removing human errors such as distraction, fatigue, and drunk driving, which are responsible for the vast majority of traffic accidents today. However, engineers designing these vehicles face a surprisingly difficult ethical question: how should a car be programmed to act in an unavoidable accident where any choice results in harm? For example, if a self-driving car must choose between hitting a pedestrian who suddenly steps into the road or swerving in a way that risks injuring its own passenger, what should the car's software decide, and who should make that decision? Philosophers have studied similar dilemmas for decades using thought experiments like the famous "trolley problem," but programming an actual response into millions of real vehicles raises new practical and legal questions. Surveys show that people often want other cars to prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number of people, yet many of the same people say they would prefer to buy a car programmed to protect its own passengers first. This contradiction shows just how complicated the ethics of self-driving technology truly are.